Le ndatshana evela ku-Wenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd. ichaza ukuthi yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ucacisa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa zokushisela insimbi engagqwali.
Amakhono enza insimbi engagqwali ikhange kakhulu - ikhono lokuhlanganisa izakhiwo zayo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation - futhi andisa inkimbinkimbi yokukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa efanelekile yokushisela.Kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezinto eziyisisekelo enikeziwe, noma iyiphi yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-electrode ingase ifaneleke, kuye ngezinkinga zezindleko, izimo zesevisi, izakhiwo ezifiselekayo zokumaka kanye nenqwaba yezinkinga ezihlobene nokushisela.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza isizinda sobuchwepheshe esidingekayo ukuze sinikeze umfundi ukwazisa ngobunkimbinkimbi besihloko bese siphendula eminye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa kubahlinzeki bensimbi yokugcwalisa.Isungula imihlahlandlela evamile yokukhetha izinsimbi ezifanele zokugcwalisa insimbi engagqwali - bese ichaza konke okuhlukile kuleyo mihlahlandlela!I-athikili ayifaki izinqubo zokushisela, njengoba lokho kuyisihloko sesinye isihloko.
Amabanga amane, izakhi eziningi ze-alloying
Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zezinsimbi ezingenasici:
i-austenitic
i-martensitic
i-ferritic
I-Duplex
Amagama asuselwa esakhiweni se-crystalline sensimbi ngokuvamile esitholakala ekamelweni lokushisa.Lapho insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ishiselwa ngaphezu kuka-912degC, ama-athomu ensimbi ahlelwa kabusha kusukela esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-ferrite emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kuya esakhiweni sekristalu esibizwa ngokuthi i-austenite.Ekupholiseni, ama-athomu abuyela esakhiweni sawo sokuqala, i-ferrite.Isakhiwo sokushisa okuphezulu, i-austenite, ayiyona i-magnetic, ipulasitiki futhi inamandla aphansi kanye ne-ductility enkulu kunefomu lokushisa legumbi le-ferrite.
Lapho i-chromium engaphezu kuka-16% yengezwa ensimbi, isakhiwo sekristalu yegumbi lokushisa, i-ferrite, siyasimama futhi insimbi ihlala esimweni se-ferritic kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa.Ngakho-ke igama lensimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic lisetshenziswa kulesi sisekelo se-alloy.Lapho i-chromium engaphezu kuka-17% ne-nickel engu-7% yengezwa ensimbi, isakhiwo se-crystalline esiphezulu se-steel, i-austenite, siyasimamiswa ukuze siqhubeke kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa kusukela kokuphansi kakhulu kuya kokucishe kuncibilike.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-'chrome-nickel', futhi izinsimbi ze-martensitic ne-ferritic zivame ukubizwa ngezinhlobo 'ze-chrome eqondile'.Izinto ezithile ze-alloying ezisetshenziswa kuzinsimbi ezingenasici nezinsimbi zokushisela zisebenza njengeziqinisi ze-austenite nezinye njengeziqinisi ze-ferrite.I-austenite stabilizers ebaluleke kakhulu yi-nickel, i-carbon, i-manganese ne-nitrogen.I-ferrite stabilizers yi-chromium, i-silicon, i-molybdenum ne-niobium.Ukulinganisa izakhi ze-alloying kulawula ubuningi be-ferrite kunsimbi yokushisela.
Amabanga e-Austenitic ashiselwe kalula futhi ngendlela egculisayo kunalawo aqukethe ngaphansi kuka-5% we-nickel.Amajoyinti e-Weld akhiqizwa ngezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic aqinile, ama-ductile futhi aqinile esimweni sawo njenge-welded.Ngokuvamile azidingi ukushisa kwangaphambili noma ukwelashwa kwangemuva kwe-weld.Amabanga e-Austenitic ahlanganisa cishe u-80% wensimbi engagqwali eshiselwe, futhi lesi sihloko sesethulo sigxile kakhulu kuwo.
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali kanye nokuqukethwe kwazo kwe-chromium ne-nickel.
tstart{c,80%}
thead{Type|% Chromium|% Nickel|Types}
tdata{Austenitic|16 - 30%|8 - 40%|200, 300}
tdata{Martensitic|11 - 18%|0 - 5%|403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata{Ferritic|11 - 30%|0 - 4%|405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
tdata{Duplex|18 - 28%|4 - 8%|2205}
phatha{}
Indlela yokukhetha insimbi ye-stainless filler efanele
Uma into eyisisekelo kuwo womabili amapuleti ifana, umgomo woqobo oyisiqondiso wawuvame ukuba, 'Qala ngokufanisa okokusebenza okuyisisekelo.'Lokho kusebenza kahle kwezinye izimo;ukuze ujoyine Uhlobo 310 noma 316, khetha Uhlobo lwesigcwalisi oluhambisanayo.
Ukuze ujoyine izinto ezingafani, landela lesi simiso esiqondisayo: 'khetha isigcwalisi ukuze sifane nezinto ezixubene kakhulu.'Ukuze ujoyine u-304 kuya ku-316, khetha isigcwalisi esingu-316.
Ngeshwa, 'umthetho wokufanisa' unokuhlukile okuningi kangangokuthi isimiso esingcono siwukuthi, Bheka itafula lokukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa.Isibonelo, Uhlobo 304 luyinto evamile yensimbi engenasici, kodwa akekho onikeza i-electrode yohlobo 304.
Indlela ye-weld Type 304 engenasici ngaphandle kwe-electrode yoHlobo lwe-304
Ukuze ushise i-Type 304 engagqwali, sebenzisa isigcwalisi sohlobo 308, njengoba izakhi ezengeziwe ze-alloying ku-Type 308 zizozinzisa kangcono indawo yokushisela.
Kodwa-ke, i-308L nayo iyisigcwalisi esamukelekayo.Igama elithi 'L' ngemva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo libonisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi.I-Type 3XXL engagqwali inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-0.03% noma ngaphansi, kanti uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-3XX stainless lungaba nomkhawulo wekhabhoni wokuqukethwe okungu-0.08%.
Ngenxa yokuthi isihlungi sohlobo L siwela ngaphakathi kwesigaba esifanayo njengomkhiqizo ongewona u-L, abakhi bangakwazi, futhi kufanele bacabangele ngokuqinile, ukusebenzisa isihlungi sohlobo L ngoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zokugqwala kwe-intergranular.Eqinisweni, ababhali baphikisana nokuthi isigcwalisi sohlobo L sizosetshenziswa kabanzi uma abaqambi bamane babuyekeze izinqubo zabo.
Abaqambi abasebenzisa inqubo ye-GMAW bangase bafune ukucabangela ukusebenzisa isigcwalisi sohlobo lwe-3XXSi, njengoba ukungezwa kwe-silicon kuthuthukisa ukuphuma okumanzi.Ezimweni lapho i-weld inomqhele ophezulu noma onzima, noma lapho i-weld puddle ingahlangani kahle ezinzwaneni ze-fillet noma i-lap joint, ukusebenzisa i-electrode ye-Si Type GMAW kungabushelelezi ubuhlalu be-weld futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlangana okungcono.
Uma imvula ye-carbide ikhathaza, cabanga ngesigcwalisi sohlobo 347, esiqukethe inani elincane le-niobium.
Indlela yokushisela insimbi engagqwali ku-carbon steel
Lesi simo senzeka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ingxenye eyodwa yesakhiwo idinga ubuso bangaphandle obumelana nokugqwala obuhlanganiswe nento yesakhiwo sensimbi ye-carbon ukuze kwehle izindleko.Uma uhlanganisa into eyisisekelo engenazo izakhi ze-alloying kusisekelo esinezici ze-alloying, sebenzisa i-filler ene-alloyed engaphezu kwe-alloyed ukuze i-dilution ngaphakathi kwebhalansi yensimbi ye-weld noma i-alloyed kakhulu kunesisekelo sensimbi engagqwali.
Ukuze uhlanganise i-carbon steel ku-Type 304 noma 316, kanye nokujoyina izinsimbi ezingenasici ezingafani, cabangela uhlobo lwe-electrode engu-309L ezinsizeni eziningi.Uma kufunwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Cr, cabangela uhlobo 312.
Njengesexwayiso, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zibonisa izinga lokunwetshwa elingamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 elikhulu kunalelo le-carbon steel.Uma kuhlanganiswe, amazinga ahlukene okwandisa angabangela ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngaphandle uma kusetshenziswa i-electrode efanele kanye nenqubo yokushisela.
Sebenzisa izinqubo ezilungile zokuhlanza i-weld
Njengakwezinye izinsimbi, qala ngokususa amafutha, amafutha, izimpawu kanye nokungcola nge-solvent engeyona i-chlorinated.Ngemuva kwalokho, umthetho oyinhloko wokulungiswa kwe-weld engagqwali ukuthi 'Gwema ukungcoliswa yi-carbon steel ukuvimbela ukugqwala.'Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa amabhilidi ahlukene 'esitolo sabo esingagqwali' kanye 'nesitolo sekhabhoni' ukuvimbela ukungcoliseka.
Khetha amasondo okugaya namabhulashi angenasici 'njengangenabala kuphela' lapho ulungiselela imiphetho yokushisela.Ezinye izinqubo zibiza ukuhlanza amayintshi amabili emuva ukusuka ejoyini.Ukulungiswa okuhlangene nakho kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukunxephezela ukungahambisani nokushintshwa kwe-electrode kunzima kune-carbon steel.
Sebenzisa inqubo efanele yokuhlanza ngemva kokushisela ukuvimbela ukugqwala
Ukuze uqale, khumbula ukuthi yini eyenza insimbi engagqwali ingabi nebala: ukusabela kwe-chromium nomoya-mpilo ukuze kwakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-chromium oxide ebusweni bento.Ukugqwala okungagqwali ngenxa yemvula ye-carbide (bheka ngezansi) nangenxa yokuthi inqubo yokushisela ishisa insimbi yokushisela kuze kufike lapho i-ferritic oxide ingakheka khona ebusweni be-weld.Uma ishiywe isesimweni esishiselwe, i-weld ezwakala kahle ingase ibonise 'amathrekhi enqola yokugqwala' emingceleni yendawo ethinteke ekushiseni ngaphansi kwamahora angu-24.
Ukuze ungqimba olusha lwe-chromium oxide emsulwa lukwazi ukuguqulwa kahle, insimbi engagqwali idinga ukuhlanzwa kwangemuva kokushisela ngokupholisha, ukucosha, ukugaya noma ukuxubha.Futhi, sebenzisa ama-grinder namabhulashi anikezelwe emsebenzini.
Kungani i-stainless steel welding wire ikazibuthe?
Insimbi engagqwali egcwele i-austenitic ayiyona i-magnetic.Kodwa-ke, amazinga okushisa e-welding adala okusanhlamvu okukhulu ku-microstructure, okuholela ekutheni i-weld ibe ne-crack-sensitive.Ukuze unciphise ukuzwela ekuqhekekeni okushisayo, abakhiqizi be-electrode bangeza izakhi ze-alloying, kuhlanganise ne-ferrite.Isigaba se-ferrite sibangela ukuthi izinhlamvu ze-austenitic zibe ngcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-weld iba ukumelana nokuqhekeka.
I-magnet ngeke inamathele ku-spool ye-austenitic stainless filler, kodwa umuntu ophethe uzibuthe angase azizwe edonsa kancane ngenxa ye-ferrite egciniwe.Ngeshwa, lokhu kubangela abanye abasebenzisi ukuthi bacabange ukuthi umkhiqizo wabo ubhalwe ngokungeyikho noma basebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa engalungile (ikakhulukazi uma bedabule ilebula kubhasikidi wocingo).
Inani elifanele le-ferrite ku-electrode lincike ekushiseni kwesevisi yesicelo.Isibonelo, i-ferrite eningi ibangela ukuthi i-weld ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Ngakho-ke, isigcwalisi soHlobo lwe-308 sohlelo lwamapayipi e-LNG sinenombolo ye-ferrite ephakathi kuka-3 no-6, uma kuqhathaniswa nenombolo ye-ferrite engu-8 yesigcwalisi sohlobo 308 olujwayelekile.Ngamafuphi, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa zingase zibonakale zifana ekuqaleni, kodwa umehluko omncane ekubunjweni ubalulekile.
Ingabe ikhona indlela elula yokushisela izinsimbi ezingenasici eziyi-duplex?
Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi ezingenasici eziyi-duplex zinesakhiwo esincane esihlanganisa cishe u-50% we-ferrite no-50% we-austenite.Ngamagama alula, i-ferrite inikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka kokuqhekeka kokugqwala kuyilapho i-austenite inikeza ukuqina okuhle.Izigaba ezimbili ezihlangene zinikeza ama-duplex steels izindawo zawo ezikhangayo.Uhlu olubanzi lwezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-duplex luyatholakala, oluvame kakhulu uhlobo lwe-2205;lokhu kuqukethe 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum kanye 0.15% nitrogen.
Lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex, izinkinga zingaphakama uma insimbi yokushisela ine-ferrite eningi (ukushisa okuvela ku-arc kubangela ukuthi ama-athomu azihlelele ku-matrix ye-ferrite).Ukuze kunxeshezelwe, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa zidinga ukukhuthaza isakhiwo se-austenitic esinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy, ngokuvamile i-nickel engu-2 ukuya ku-4% ngaphezu kwesisekelo sensimbi.Isibonelo, intambo ene-flux-cored yohlobo lokushisela i-2205 ingaba ne-nickel engu-8.85%.
Okuqukethwe kwe-ferrite okufunayo kungasukela ku-25 kuye ku-55% ngemuva kokushisela (kodwa kungaba ngaphezulu).Qaphela ukuthi izinga lokupholisa kufanele lihambe kancane ngokwanele ukuvumela i-austenite ukuthi ishintshe, kodwa lingasheshi ukuze lidale izigaba ze-intermetallic, noma lisheshe kakhulu ukuze kudalwe i-ferrite eningi endaweni ethinteke ukushisa.Landela izinqubo ezinconyiwe zomkhiqizi zenqubo yokushisela kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa ekhethiwe.
Ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali
Kubakhiqizi abahlale belungisa amapharamitha (i-voltage, i-amperage, ubude be-arc, i-inductance, ububanzi be-pulse, njll) lapho beshisela insimbi engagqwali, umgebengu ojwayelekile ukwakheka kwensimbi yesigcwalisi okungahambisani.Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwama-elementi e-alloying, ukuhluka kwe-lot-to-lot ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kungaba nomthelela obonakalayo ekusebenzeni kokushisela, njengokuphuma kahle okumanzi noma ukukhishwa kwe-slag okunzima.Ukuhluka kobubanzi be-electrode, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo, i-cast ne-helix nakho kuthinta ukusebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GMAW ne-FCAW.
Ukulawula imvula ye-carbide ngensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic
Emazingeni okushisa ebangeni elingu-426-871degC, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kuka-0.02% kuthuthela emingceleni yezinhlamvu zesakhiwo se-austenitic, lapho kuhlangana ne-chromium ukwenza i-chromium carbide.Uma i-chromium iboshwe nekhabhoni, ayitholakaleli ukumelana nokugqwala.Uma kuvezwe endaweni egqwalile, ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kuholela, okuvumela imingcele yokusanhlamvu ukuthi idliwe.
Ukuze ulawule ukuna kwe-carbide, gcina okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka (umkhawulo ongu-0.04%) ngokushisela ngama-electrode anekhabhoni ephansi.Ikhabhoni ingabuye iboshwe yi-niobium (eyayiyi-columbium ngaphambili) kanye ne-titanium, ezinobungane obuqinile bekhabhoni kune-chromium.Ama-electrode ohlobo lwe-347 enzelwe le njongo.
Indlela yokulungiselela ingxoxo mayelana nokukhetha kwe-filler metal
Okungenani, qoqa ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kokuphela kwengxenye eshiselwe, okuhlanganisa indawo yesevisi (ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa okusebenza, ukuchayeka ezintweni ezigqwalile nezinga lokumelana nokugqwala okulindelekile) nempilo yesevisi oyifunayo.Ulwazi olumayelana nezakhiwo ezidingekayo ezisetshenziswayo ezimweni zokusebenza lusiza kakhulu, okuhlanganisa amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina nokukhathala.
Iningi labakhiqizi abahamba phambili bama-electrode bahlinzeka ngezincwadi zokuqondisa ekukhetheni insimbi yokugcwalisa, futhi ababhali abakwazi ukugcizelela ngokweqile leli phuzu: thintana nomhlahlandlela wokusebenzisa i-filler metal noma uthinte ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi.Bakhona ukuze basize ekukhetheni i-electrode yensimbi engagqwali efanele.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinsimbi ze-TYUE zokugcwalisa insimbi engagqwali kanye nokuxhumana nochwepheshe benkampani ukuze uthole iseluleko, vakashela ku-www.tyuelec.com.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-23-2022