Uzibuza ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani izinduku zokushisela ezinamathelayo ezifanele isicelo?
Thola izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-stick electrode.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu othanda ukwenza izinto ngokwakho onamathelisa ama-weld izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka noma ungumshiseli ochwepheshe onamathelisa nsuku zonke, into eyodwa eqinisekile: Ukushisela ama-stick kudinga ikhono elikhulu. Kudinga nolwazi oluthile ngama-stick electrode (abizwa nangokuthi izinduku zokushisela).
Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana namasu okugcina, ububanzi be-electrode kanye nokwakheka kwe-flux konke kunegalelo ekukhetheni nasekusebenzeni kwenduku yenduku, ukuzihlomisa ngolwazi oluyisisekelo kungakusiza ukunciphisa ukudideka futhi kuqinisekise kangcono impumelelo yokushisela induku.
1. Yiziphi izinti ezivame kakhulu?
Kukhona amakhulu, uma kungezona izinkulungwane, ama-electrode anamathelayo, kodwa okuthandwa kakhulu yi-American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specification yama-Carbon Steel Electrodes ama-Shielded Metal Arc Welding. Lawa afaka phakathi ama-electrode e-E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 kanye ne-E7018.
2. Kusho ukuthini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-AWS stick electrode?
Ukuze kusizwe ukuhlonza ama-electrode okunamathela, i-AWS isebenzisa i-standard classfiiation style. Ukuhlukaniswa kuthatha isimo sezinombolo nezinhlamvu eziphrintiwe ezinhlangothini zama-electrode okunamathela, futhi ngayinye imelela izakhiwo ezithile ze-electrode.
Kuma-electrode ensimbi athambile okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, nansi indlela uhlelo lwe-AWS olusebenza ngayo:
● Uhlamvu “E” lubonisa i-electrode.
● Izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala zimelela amandla okudonsa amancane e-weld aphumayo, alinganiswa ngamakhilogremu nge-intshi yesikwele (psi). Isibonelo, inombolo engu-70 ku-electrode ye-E7018 ikhombisa ukuthi i-electrode izokhiqiza ubuhlalu be-weld obunamandla okudonsa amancane angu-70,000 psi.
● Inombolo yesithathu imelela indawo(izindawo) zokushisela lapho i-electrode ingasetshenziswa khona. Isibonelo, u-1 usho ukuthi i-electrode ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izikhundla kanti u-2 usho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kuma-fillet welds ayisicaba navundlile kuphela.
● Inombolo yesine imelela uhlobo lokumboza kanye nohlobo lwamandla okushisela (i-AC, i-DC noma kokubili) angasetshenziswa ne-electrode.
3. Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwama-electrode e-E6010, E6011, E6012 kanye ne-E6013 futhi kufanele asetshenziswe nini?
● Ama-electrode e-E6010 angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemithombo yamandla kagesi oqondile (DC). Anikeza ukungena okujulile kanye nekhono lokumba phakathi kokugqwala, uwoyela, upende kanye nokungcola. Abashiseli abaningi bamapayipi abanolwazi basebenzisa lawa ma-electrode asebenza kuzo zonke izindawo ukuze bashisele izimpande epayipini. Kodwa-ke, ama-electrode e-E6010 ane-arc eqinile kakhulu, engenza kube nzima ngabashiseli abasafufusa ukuyisebenzisa.
● Ama-electrode e-E6011 angasetshenziswa futhi ekushiseleni indawo yonke kusetshenziswa umthombo wamandla okushisela we-alternating current (AC). Njengama-electrode e-E6010, ama-electrode e-E6011 akhiqiza i-arc ejulile, engena enqamula izinsimbi ezibolile noma ezingcolile. Abashiseli abaningi bakhetha ama-electrode e-E6011 ukuze banakekele futhi balungise lapho umthombo wamandla we-DC ungatholakali.
● Ama-electrode e-E6012 asebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuvalwa kwezikhala phakathi kwamalunga amabili. Abashiseli abaningi abangochwepheshe bakhetha nama-electrode e-E6012 ukuze bashisele ama-fillet anejubane eliphezulu, asebenza ngamandla aphezulu endaweni evundlile, kodwa lawa ma-electrode avame ukukhiqiza iphrofayili yokungena engajulile kanye ne-slag exinene ezodinga ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe ngemva kokushisela.
● Ama-electrode e-E6013 akhiqiza i-arc ethambile enokuphaza okuncane, anikeza ukungena okulinganiselwe futhi ane-slag esuswa kalula. Lawa ma-electrode kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ukushisela insimbi entsha nehlanzekile.
4. Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwama-electrode e-E7014, E7018 kanye ne-E7024 futhi kufanele asetshenziswe nini?
● Ama-electrode e-E7014 akhiqiza cishe ukungena okufana nama-electrode e-E6012 futhi aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinsimbini ze-carbon kanye ne-low-alloy. Ama-electrode e-E7014 aqukethe inani eliphakeme lempuphu yensimbi, okwandisa izinga lokufakwa. Angasetshenziswa futhi kuma-amperage aphezulu kune-electrode e-E6012.
● Ama-electrode e-E7018 aqukethe ukugeleza okujiyile okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwempuphu futhi angenye yama-electrode alula ukuwasebenzisa. Lawa ma-electrode akhiqiza i-arc ebushelelezi, ethule enokuphaza okuncane kanye nokungena okuphakathi kwe-arc. Abashiseli abaningi basebenzisa ama-electrode e-E7018 ukushisela izinsimbi ezijiyile njengensimbi yesakhiwo. Ama-electrode e-E7018 akhiqiza nama-weld aqinile anezakhiwo ezithinta kakhulu (ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibandayo) futhi angasetshenziswa ensimbini yekhabhoni, ensimbini enekhabhoni ephezulu, ensimbini ene-alloy ephansi noma enamandla aphezulu.
● Ama-electrode e-E7024 aqukethe inani elikhulu lempuphu yensimbi esiza ukwandisa amazinga okufakwa. Abashiseli abaningi basebenzisa ama-electrode e-E7024 kuma-weld e-fillet asheshayo noma aqondile. Lawa ma-electrode asebenza kahle epuletini lensimbi okungenani elinobukhulu obuyi-intshi eyi-1/4. Angasetshenziswa nasezintweni ezilinganisa ubukhulu obungaphezu kwe-intshi eyi-1/2.
5. Ngiyikhetha kanjani i-electrode yenduku?
Okokuqala, khetha i-electrode enamathelayo ehambisana nezakhiwo zamandla kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi eyisisekelo. Isibonelo, uma usebenza ngensimbi ethambile, ngokuvamile noma iyiphi i-electrode ye-E60 noma ye-E70 izosebenza.
Okulandelayo, qondanisa uhlobo lwe-electrode nendawo yokushisela bese ucabangela umthombo wamandla otholakalayo. Khumbula, ama-electrode athile angasetshenziswa kuphela ne-DC noma i-AC, kuyilapho amanye ama-electrode angasetshenziswa ne-DC kanye ne-AC.
Hlola ukwakheka kwejoyinti kanye nokulingana bese ukhetha i-electrode ezonikeza izici ezinhle kakhulu zokungena (ukumba, okuphakathi nendawo noma okulula). Uma usebenza ejoyintini elinokulingana okuqinile noma elingagobile, ama-electrode afana ne-E6010 noma i-E6011 azohlinzeka ngama-arcs okumba ukuqinisekisa ukungena okwanele. Ngezinto ezincane noma amajoyinti anezimbobo ezibanzi zezimpande, khetha i-electrode ene-arc ekhanyayo noma ethambile njenge-E6013.
Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka kokushisela ezintweni eziwugqinsi, ezisindayo kanye/noma imiklamo yamalunga eyinkimbinkimbi, khetha i-electrode enokuguquguquka okuphezulu. Futhi cabanga ngesimo sesevisi ingxenye ezohlangabezana naso kanye nemininingwane okumele ihlangabezane nayo. Ingabe izosetshenziswa endaweni yokushisa ephansi, eshisa kakhulu noma elayisha ngokwethuka? Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, i-electrode ephansi ye-hydrogen E7018 isebenza kahle.
Futhi cabanga ngokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Uma usebenza endaweni eyisicaba, ama-electrode anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwempuphu yensimbi, njenge-E7014 noma i-E7024, anikeza amazinga aphezulu okufakwa.
Ngezicelo ezibalulekile, hlola njalo imininingwane yokushisela kanye nezinqubo zohlobo lwe-electrode.
6. Yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa yi-flux ezungeze i-electrode yenduku?
Wonke ama-electrode anamathelayo aqukethe induku ezungezwe ungqimba olubizwa ngokuthi i-flux, olufeza izinjongo eziningana ezibalulekile. Empeleni yi-flux, noma isembozo, ku-electrode esinquma ukuthi i-electrode ingasetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani.
Uma kushaywa i-arc, i-flux iyasha futhi ikhiqize uchungechunge lwezimpendulo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba izithako ze-flux zisha ku-arc yokushisela, zikhipha igesi yokuvikela ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela elincibilikisiwe ekungcoleni komoya. Lapho ichibi lokushisela liphola, i-flux yakha i-slag ukuvikela insimbi yokushisela ekungcoleni komoya futhi ivimbele ukubhoboka kwe-weld bead.
I-Flux iqukethe nezinto ezi-ionizing ezenza i-arc izinze kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma ishibilika ngomthombo wamandla we-AC), kanye nama-alloy anikeza i-weld amandla ayo okuqina kanye namandla okuthamba.
Amanye ama-electrode asebenzisa i-flux ene-iron powder eningi ukusiza ukwandisa amazinga okufakwa, kanti amanye aqukethe ama-deoxidizer engeziwe asebenza njengezinto zokuhlanza futhi angangena ezindaweni zokusebenza ezibolile noma ezingcolile noma esikalini sokugaya.
7. Kufanele kusetshenziswe nini i-electrode yenduku yokubeka ephezulu?
Ama-electrode anezinga eliphezulu lokufaka angasiza ekuqedeni umsebenzi ngokushesha, kodwa lawa ma-electrode anemikhawulo. Impuphu yensimbi eyengeziwe kulawa ma-electrode yenza ichibi lokushisela libe manzi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ama-electrode anezinga eliphezulu lokufaka angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwesikhundla.
Azikwazi futhi ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile noma ezidingekayo ngekhodi, njengomshini wokucindezela noma ukwenziwa kwebhoyila, lapho ubuhlalu be-weld bucindezelwa khona kakhulu.
Ama-electrode okubeka okuphezulu ayisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabalulekile, njengokushisela ithangi lokugcina uketshezi elilula noma izingcezu ezimbili zensimbi engeyona eyakhekile ndawonye.
8. Iyiphi indlela efanele yokugcina nokomisa kabusha ama-electrode enduku?
Indawo efudumele nenomswakama ophansi iyindawo yokugcina engcono kakhulu yama-electrode anamathelayo. Isibonelo, ama-electrode amaningi ensimbi ethambile, ane-hydrogen E7018 ephansi kudingeka agcinwe ekushiseni okuphakathi kwama-degree Fahrenheit angu-250 no-300.
Ngokuvamile, amazinga okushisa okuvuselela ama-electrode aphezulu kunezinga lokushisa lokugcina, okusiza ekususeni umswakama owedlulele. Ukuze kulungiswe kabusha ama-electrode aphansi e-hydrogen E7018 okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, indawo yokuvuselela isukela kuma-degrees F angu-500 kuya kwangu-800 ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili.
Amanye ama-electrode, njenge-E6011, adinga ukugcinwa omile kuphela ekushiseni kwegumbi, okuchazwa njengamazinga omswakama angadluli amaphesenti angama-70 ekushiseni okuphakathi kwama-degrees F angama-40 kuya kwangu-120.
Ukuze uthole izikhathi ezithile zokugcina nokulungisa kabusha kanye namazinga okushisa, bheka njalo izincomo zomenzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 23-2022