Uyazibuza ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani izinduku zokushisela ezilungile zohlelo lokusebenza?
Thola izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-stick electrode.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyi-DIYer enamathela amashisela izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka noma i-welder echwepheshile eshisela nsuku zonke, into eyodwa iqinisekile: Ukushisela okunamathelayo kudinga ikhono elikhulu.Kudinga futhi ulwazi oluthile mayelana nama-electrode enduku (abizwa nangokuthi izinduku zokushisela).
Ngenxa yokuthi okuguquguqukayo okufana namasu okugcina, ububanzi be-electrode kanye nokwakheka kwe-flux konke kunomthelela ekukhetheni induku nokusebenza, ukuhlomisa ngolwazi oluthile oluyisisekelo kungakusiza unciphise ukudideka nokuqinisekisa kangcono impumelelo yokushisela induku.
1. Imaphi ama-electrode wenduku avame kakhulu?
Amakhulu, uma kungezona izinkulungwane, zama-electrode enduku akhona, kodwa aziwa kakhulu awela ku-American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Ukucaciswa kwama-Carbon Steel Electrodes we-Shielded Metal Arc Welding.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-electrode E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 kanye ne-E7018.
2. Kusho ukuthini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electrode yenduku ye-AWS?
Ukusiza ukuhlonza ama-electrode enduku, i-AWS isebenzisa uhlobo olujwayelekile lokuhlukanisa.Izigaba zithatha uhlobo lwezinombolo nezinhlamvu eziphrintwe ezinhlangothini zama-electrode enduku, futhi ngayinye imele izakhiwo ezithile zama-electrode.
Kuma-electrode ensimbi athambile okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, nansi indlela uhlelo lwe-AWS olusebenza ngayo:
● Uhlamvu “E” lubonisa i-electrode.
● Amadijithi amabili okuqala amelela ubuncane bamandla obuncane bokushuga be-weld, obukalwa ngamaphawundi ngeyintshi yesikwele (psi).Isibonelo, inombolo engu-70 ku-electrode ye-E7018 ikhombisa ukuthi i-electrode izokhiqiza ubuhlalu be-weld obunamandla obuncane obungama-70,000 psi.
● Idijithi yesithathu imele indawo/izimo zokushisela lapho i-electrode ingasetshenziswa khona.Isibonelo, u-1 usho ukuthi i-electrode ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izikhundla futhi u-2 usho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ekushiseleleni i-fillet flat kanye ne-horizontal kuphela.
● Idijithi yesine imele uhlobo lwe-coating kanye nohlobo lwamanje lokushisela (AC, DC noma kokubili) olungasetshenziswa ne-electrode.
3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-electrode E6010, E6011, E6012 kanye ne-E6013 futhi kufanele asetshenziswe nini?
● Ama-electrode e-E6010 angasetshenziswa kuphela nemithombo yamandla yamanje (DC) eqondile.Baletha ukungena okujulile kanye nekhono lokumba ukugqwala, uwoyela, upende nokungcola.Abaningi abashisela amapayipi abanolwazi basebenzisa lawa ma-electrode asebenza kuzo zonke izindawo ukuze kudlule izimpande epayipini.Kodwa-ke, ama-electrode e-E6010 afaka i-arc eqinile kakhulu, engenza kube nzima ukuthi abashiseli abaqalayo basebenzise.
● Ama-electrode e-E6011 angaphinda asetshenziselwe ukushisela indawo yonke kusetshenziswa umthombo wamandla wokushisela wamanje oshintshanayo (AC).Njengama-electrode e-E6010, ama-electrode e-E6011 akhiqiza i-arc ejulile, engena ngaphakathi enqamula ezinsimbi ezigqwalile noma ezingcolile.Abashiseli abaningi bakhetha ama-electrode e-E6011 ukuze banakekele futhi balungise umsebenzi lapho umthombo wamandla we-DC ungatholakali.
● Ama-electrode e-E6012 asebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuvala igebe phakathi kwamalunga amabili.Abashiseli abaningi abangochwepheshe baphinde bakhethe ama-electrode e-E6012 wokushisela i-fillet enesivinini esikhulu, yamanje ephezulu endaweni evundlile, kodwa lawa ma-electrode athambekele ekukhiqizeni iphrofayili yokungena engajulile kanye ne-slag eminyene ezodinga ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe kwe-post-weld.
● Ama-electrode e-E6013 akhiqiza i-arc ethambile ene-spatter encane, anikeza ukungena okumaphakathi futhi abe ne-slag ekhishwa kalula.Lawa ma-electrode kufanele asetshenziselwe kuphela ukushisela insimbi yeshidi elihlanzekile, elisha.
4. Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwama-electrode E7014, E7018 kanye ne-E7024 futhi kufanele asetshenziswe nini?
● Ama-electrode e-E7014 akhiqiza cishe ukungena okuhlangene okufanayo njengama-electrode e-E6012 futhi adizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-carbon nezinsimbi ezine-alloy ephansi.Ama-electrode e-E7014 aqukethe inani eliphakeme lempushana yensimbi, enyusa izinga lokubeka.Angasetshenziswa futhi kuma-amperage aphezulu kune-E6012 electrode.
● Ama-electrode e-E7018 aqukethe i-flux ewugqinsi enokuqukethwe kwempushana ephezulu futhi angenye yama-electrode asebenziseka kalula.Lawa ma-electrode akhiqiza i-arc ebushelelezi, ethule ene-spatter encane kanye nokungena kwe-arc okuphakathi.Ama-welders amaningi asebenzisa ama-electrode e-E7018 ukushisela izinsimbi eziwugqinsi njengensimbi yesakhiwo.Ama-electrode e-E7018 aphinde akhiqize amashisela aqinile anezici ezinamandla (ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibandayo) futhi angasetshenziswa kunsimbi ye-carbon steel, high-carbon, low-alloy noma izinsimbi eziyisisekelo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu.
● Ama-electrode e-E7024 aqukethe inani eliphezulu lempushana yensimbi esiza ukukhulisa amazinga okufakwa.Ama-welders amaningi asebenzisa ama-electrode e-E7024 kumashisela avundlile noma ayisicaba.Lawa ma-electrode enza kahle epuleti lensimbi okungenani elingu-1/4-intshi obukhulu.Angasetshenziswa futhi ezinsimbi ezikala ugqinsi olungaphezu kuka-1/2-intshi.
5. Ngikhetha kanjani i-electrode yenduku?
Okokuqala, khetha i-electrode yenduku efana nezakhiwo zamandla nokwakheka kwesisekelo sensimbi.Isibonelo, uma usebenza ngensimbi emnene, ngokuvamile noma iyiphi i-E60 noma i-E70 electrode izosebenza.
Okulandelayo, fanisa uhlobo lwe-electrode endaweni yokushisela futhi ucabangele umthombo wamandla otholakalayo.Khumbula, ama-electrode athile angasetshenziswa kuphela nge-DC noma i-AC, kuyilapho amanye ama-electrode angasetshenziswa kokubili kwe-DC ne-AC.
Hlola ukwakheka okuhlangene kanye nokulingana bese ukhetha i-electrode ezonikeza izici ezingcono kakhulu zokungena (ukumba, okuphakathi noma ukukhanya).Uma usebenza ngokuhlanganyela ngokulingana okuqinile noma okungagxiliwe, ama-electrode afana ne-E6010 noma i-E6011 azohlinzeka ngama-arcs okumba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena okwanele.Ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezincanyana noma amalunga anezimpande ezivulekile ezivulekile, khetha i-electrode ene-arc ekhanyayo noma ethambile njenge-E6013.
Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka kwe-weld ezintweni eziwugqinsi, ezisindayo kanye/noma ezidizayini ezihlanganyelwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, khetha i-electrode ene-ductility ephezulu.Futhi cabangela isimo sesevisi ingxenye ezohlangabezana nazo kanye nezincazelo okufanele ihlangabezane nazo.Ingabe izosetshenziswa endaweni yokushisa ephansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma endaweni elayisha ukushaqeka?Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, i-electrode ephansi ye-hydrogen E7018 isebenza kahle.
Futhi cabangela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.Lapho usebenza endaweni eyisicaba, ama-electrode anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iron powder, njenge-E7014 noma i-E7024, anikeza amanani aphezulu okubekwa.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, hlola njalo ukucaciswa kwe-welding kanye nezinqubo zohlobo lwe-electrode.
6. I-flux ezungeze i-electrode yenduku isebenza muphi umsebenzi?
Wonke ama-electrode enduku aqukethe induku ezungezwe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-flux, efeza izinjongo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.Empeleni i-flux, noma isembozo, ku-electrode esho ukuthi i-electrode ingasetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani.
Lapho i-arc ishaywa, i-flux iyasha futhi ikhiqize uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi.Njengoba izithako ezishintshayo zivutha ku-arc yokushisela, zikhulula igesi evikelayo ukuze kuvikelwe ichibi lokushisela elincibilikisiwe ekungcoleni komoya.Lapho i-weld pool iphola, i-flux yenza i-slag ukuvikela insimbi yokushisela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation futhi ivimbele i-porosity kubuhlalu obushiselayo.
I-Flux futhi iqukethe izakhi ze-ionizing ezenza i-arc izinze kakhudlwana (ikakhulukazi uma ishiselwa ngomthombo wamandla we-AC), kanye nama-alloys anikeza i-weld amandla ayo aqinile kanye namandla aqinile.
Amanye ama-electrode asebenzisa i-flux enezinga eliphezulu lempushana yensimbi ukusiza ukukhulisa amazinga okufakwa, kuyilapho amanye aqukethe ama-deoxidizer angeziwe asebenza njengama-ejenti okuhlanza futhi angangena ezintweni zokusebenza ezigqwalile noma ezingcolile noma isikali sokugaya.
7. Kufanele kusetshenziswe nini i-electrode yenduku yedeposition ephezulu?
Ama-electrode asezingeni eliphezulu angasiza ukuqeda umsebenzi ngokushesha, kodwa lawa ma-electrode anemikhawulo.Impushana yensimbi eyengeziwe kulawa ma-electrode yenza i-weld pool ibe uketshezi oluthe xaxa, okusho ukuthi ama-electrodes aphezulu awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingaphandle kwendawo.
Futhi ngeke zisetshenziselwe izicelo ezibucayi noma ezidingekayo zekhodi, njengomkhumbi wokucindezela noma ukwenziwa kwebhayela, lapho ubuhlalu obushiselayo bungaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Ama-electrode e-high deposition ayisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabalulekile, njengokushisela ithangi elilula lokugcina uketshezi noma izingcezu ezimbili zensimbi engakhiwe ndawonye.
8. Iyiphi indlela efanele yokugcina nokomisa kabusha ama-electrode enduku?
Indawo eshisayo, enomswakama ophansi iyindawo engcono kakhulu yokugcina ama-electrode enduku.Isibonelo, ama-electrode amaningi ensimbi athambile, i-hydrogen E7018 ephansi adinga ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-250- no-300-degrees Fahrenheit.
Ngokuvamile, amazinga okushisa okulungisa ama-electrode aphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lokugcina, okusiza ukuqeda umswakama owedlulele.Ukuze kulungiswe kabusha ama-electrode e-hydrogen E7018 aphansi okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, indawo yokulungisa kabusha isukela ku-500 kuya ku-800 degrees F ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili.
Amanye ama-electrode, njenge-E6011, adinga kuphela ukugcinwa omile ekamelweni lokushisa, elichazwa njengamazinga omswakamo angeqi kumaphesenti angu-70 ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-40 no-120 degrees F.
Ukuze uthole ukugcinwa okuqondile nezikhathi zokulungiswa kabusha namazinga okushisa, hlala ubheka izincomo zomkhiqizi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-23-2022